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\begin{document}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\section{Maturity Models} \label{matMods}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
Maturity Models are useful tools with a wide range of applications. They, “describe the development of an entity over time. This entity can be anything of interest: a human being, an organizational function, etc.” \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Wendler }They determine the “maturity” of that entity’s development in other words. Maturity in this case means that the entity is fully developed or its development is complete. \par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
MMs define discrete levels of maturity, so that when the entity is assessed, the entity’s development can be placed in a particular level. Use of MMs means that an entity’s development is assessed and it is placed in a maturity level. MMs can be used in three ways \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite J. Pöppelbuß and M. Röglinger}:\par
\begin{enumerate}
\item Descriptive\par
\item Prescriptive\par
\item Comparative
\end{enumerate}\par
MMs can be used for at least one of these purposes and in some cases for all three purposes. \par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
The purposes of use are connected by\colorbox{Yellow}{ Poppelbug }to MM design principles which is separated into three categories: (1) Basic design principles (DPs), (2) Descriptive DPs, (3) Prescriptive DPs (displayed in Fig. \ref{fig:Design_Principle_Categories}):\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Basic DPs are the principles that apply to all MMs regardless of their purposes of use\par
\item Descriptive DPs apply to MMs that have a descriptive purpose and the third category applies to MMs with a prescriptive purpose of use\par
\item Comparative DPs are not defined by \colorbox{Yellow}{Poppelbug} who notes, “”\par
\item These DPs serve as a “checklist” to be used when comparing existing MMs or designing new ones \colorbox{Yellow}{CITE Poppelbug}
\end{itemize}\par
\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Other research defines other MM DPs (f.e. \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Becker, De Bruin}), but what is important to note is that MM DPs allow effective MMs to be made
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
According to \colorbox{Yellow}{$ { $ Daniel Smidt, van Steenbergen$ } $ , MMs can be divided into} three types:\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Staged fixed-level models\par
\item Continuous fixed-level models\par
\item Focus area models\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\item General knowledge on MMs\par
\begin{itemize}
\item \colorbox{Yellow}{CIte Wendler} found that predominantly MMs cover entities from the software engineering and $ \ldots $ . domains, but also found that existing MMs cover governance. Therefore the applicability of MMs to the SC concept needs investigation.\par
\end{itemize}
\item Give an examples of prominent MMs and describe them briefly\par
\begin{itemize}
\item CMMI
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\section{Smart City Maturity Models} \label{SCMMs}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
A brief second systematic literature review was conducted to identify and compare existing holistic SCMMs. It is brief as not much research has been done on using MMs to assess SCs as is evident from the research found by this review. Relevant research of SCMMs found two reviews ( \text{\cite{Torrinha2017,Firmanyah20182}} ) and four “holistic” SCMMs (or determined to be holistic by the reviews) shown in \colorbox{Yellow}{Table …}. \par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 1 starts here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{p{1.41in}p{4.68in}}
\hline
%row no:1
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.41in}}{\textbf{Reference}} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{4.68in}}{\textbf{Maturity Model Name}} \
\hhline{–}
%row no:2
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.41in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{F3F3F3} ( \text{\cite{Afonso2015}} ) } &
\multicolumn{1}{p{4.68in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{F3F3F3}Brazilian Smart City Maturity Model (Br-SCMM) $\ast$ } \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:3
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.41in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{F0F0F0}\colorbox{Yellow}{Cite SO} ( \text{\cite{Afonso2015}} )} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{4.68in}}{Sustainability Outlook Smart City Maturity Model (SO-SCMM) $\ast$ } \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:4
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.41in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{F3F3F3}( \text{\cite{Firmansyah2017}} )} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{4.68in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{F3F3F3}Guarda Smart City Model (GSCM)} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:5
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.41in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{F0F0F0}\colorbox{Yellow}{Cite IDC} ( \text{\cite{Afonso2015}} )} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{4.68in}}{IDC Government Insights Smart City Maturity Model (IDC-SCMM) $\ast$ } \
\hhline{~~}
\end{tabular}\caption{Holistic Smart City Maturity Model}
\label{tab:Holistic Smart City Maturity Model}
\end{table}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 1 ends here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{FlushLeft}
\end{FlushLeft}\par
$\ast$ : indicates that Torrinah review determined the MM was holistic\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
The identified SCMMs are each described and analyzed in their own subsections. Then they’re are compared against each other and the findings from that comparison are discussed in the final subsection.\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\subsection{Br-SCMM} \label{Br-SCMM}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Afonso} developed the Br-SCMM to $``$measure how smart a city can be, and propose mechanisms to assist in improving social and economic policies.$"$ \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Torrinha }This measures ten components of cities regarding its social conditions and infrastructure. The components are each measured using indicators. Table \colorbox{Yellow}{…} shows the city component with its “Basic” indicator. \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Afonso} describes these basic indicators and notes that each basic indicator is associated with two secondary indicators, but does not detail those secondary indicators further.\par
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 2 starts here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{p{1.16in}p{1.3in}}
\hline
%row no:1
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\Centering \textbf{City Component}} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\Centering \textbf{Basic Indicator}} \
\hhline{–}
%row no:2
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Water} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Piped water} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:3
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\Centering Education} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\Centering HDI–Education$\ast$ } \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:4
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Energy} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Access to energy } \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:5
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\Centering Governance} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\Centering HDI/Employment$\ast$ } \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:6
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Housing} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Private residence} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:7
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\Centering Environment} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\Centering Garbage collected} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:8
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Health} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering HDI – Health$\ast$ } \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:9
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\Centering Security} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\Centering Homicides/1000} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:10
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Technology} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\Centering Computers/home} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:11
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.16in}}{\Centering Transport} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3in}}{\Centering Mass transport} \
\hhline{~~}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 2 ends here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{FlushLeft}
$\ast$ HDI = Human Development Index
\end{FlushLeft}\par
\begin{itemize}
\item The Br-SCMM is separated in 5 levels, which each address a question \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Afonso}:\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Level S (Simplified) : \par
\item Level M (Managed) : \par
\item Level A (Applied) : \par
\item Level R (Measured) : \par
\item Level T (Turned) : \par
\end{itemize}
\item The components are evaluated based on the basic indicators and the “Level$”$ being analyzed. Each component is assigned a maturity level between zero to five. \par
\item An example of this is shown in Figure \colorbox{Yellow}{$ \ldots $ } (show figure 5 from Afonso)\par
\item And briefly say how it can be used
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\begin{itemize}
\item The Br-SCMM is holistic, but was developed and operationalized for Brazil and its cities \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Torrinha}. Its basic indicators denote generic indicators, but they specify indicators that are public available and that are collected by Brazilian cities. For example, for HDI - Health indicators, the SCMM uses $ \ldots $ \par
\item Also Cite Afonso notes that certain components are more relevant to Brazilian cities. \par
\item \colorbox{Yellow}{Ref Afonso} quote on stuff that applies to Brazil and not Europe/NA\par
\item as \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Afonso} frequently discusses sources the identify problems facing Brazil when discussing each domain\par
\item This model would not apply to other areas of the world as it was specifically designed to apply to the reality of Brazilian cities\par
\item This model is comparative\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Developed to compare Brazilian cities in terms of how unequal they are
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\subsection{SO-SCMM} \label{SO-SCMM}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\begin{itemize}
\item For India\par
\item Purpose: Gauging preparedness of a city against a set of measures \par
\item Scope: Application of the model to key resource areas proposed by the Indian Government \par
\item Focus: Cities’ basic infrastructure and urban resilience
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\begin{itemize}
\item The SO-SCMM is operationalized for Indian cities by measured through indicators (they list indicators from two sources \colorbox{Yellow}{ISO 137120:2014 }and the Indian Governments Smart City Benchmarking Note
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\begin{itemize}
\item Is Staged fixed-level model as maturity level defined for whole city\par
\item Is holistic, but emphasizes resilience, does not follow the SC concept definition of this research\par
\item SO-SCMM mainly descriptive in use\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Use model to support decision making concerning providing information on the current resilience and US of a city and what SC initiative to implement in a specific city
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\subsection{GSCM} \label{GSCM}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\begin{itemize}
\item mature in terms of its economic growth, social development, environment or use of technology\par
\item The maturity levels relate with the increases in these 4 dimensions\par
\item A city in the lowest level $$Ad Hoc$"$ indicates the city has a $$low economic level, uncomfortable environment, minimum ICT, governance, and human resource support.$"$ \par
\item While being in the “Smart$”$ maturity level means the city has a $``$Very comfortable environment’ and ICT-based services are ubiquitous \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Firminyah}.\par
\item GSCM is descriptive\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Provide more information current city development to improve decision-making concerning how to improve cities’ US.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
Unfortunately, the GSCM itself is not available online at the time of this writing. \colorbox{Yellow}{CITE Firminyah} provides select details of the model and applies the model to a number of Indonesian cities. What is clear is that while the GSCM is holistic and operationalized, it was developed to apply to Indonesian cities. It will probably require intense modifications if is to be applied elsewhere in the world.\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\subsection{IDC-SCMM} \label{IDC-SCMM}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
The IDC-SCMM \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite IDC} is different from the other SCMMs described in this report.\par
\begin{itemize}
\item It is a framework created for a city’s government that is concerned with the city’s governance processes and it improvement. The models provides a planning tool for both assessing the city’s current sittuation and determining how it can and should adopt SC development practices in the future \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Torrinha}. \par
\item It is a staged fixed-level MM which places cities in fives maturity stages (shown in Table \colorbox{Yellow}{$ \ldots $ } \colorbox{Yellow}{CITE IDC}) \par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 3 starts here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{p{1.01in}p{5.09in}}
\hline
%row no:1
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.01in}}{\textbf{Maturity Stage}} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{5.09in}}{\textbf{Description}} \
\hhline{–}
%row no:2
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.01in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}Ad Hoc} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{5.09in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}“This stage is the traditional government modus operandi with ad hoc projects, department-based planning, and discrete smart projects.”} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:3
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.01in}}{Opportunistic} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{5.09in}}{“Opportunistic project deployments result in proactive collaboration within and between departments. Key stakeholders start to align around developing strategy, common language is developed, and barriers to adoption are identified.”} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:4
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.01in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}Repeatable} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{5.09in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}“In this stage, recurring projects, events, and processes are identified for integration. Formal committees document defined strategies, processes, and technology investment needs with stakeholder buy-in. Sustainable funding models and governance issues become a focus.”} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:5
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.01in}}{Managed} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{5.09in}}{“Formal systems for work/data flows and leveraging technology assets are in place and standards emerge. Performance management based on outcomes shift culture, budgets, IT investment, and governance structure to a broader city context.”} \
\hhline{~~}
%row no:6
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.01in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}Optimized} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{5.09in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}“A sustainable citywide platform is in place. Agile strategy, IT, and governance allow for autonomy within an integrated system of systems and continuous improvements. Superior outcomes deliver differentiation.”} \
\hhline{~~}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 3 ends here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{itemize}
\item As maturity level show, the IDC-SCMM is principally concerned with development processes and the management of cities (especially in terms of technology). \par
\item It identify five domains of a city namely: Strategy, Culture, Process, Technology and Data, which evaluate the SC development processes of a city and can be used to plan how to improve those processes in the future.\par
\item Thus the IDC-SCMM offers descriptive and some prescriptive use \par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\item \colorbox{Yellow}{CITE IDC} proposes using KPI or performance measures to assess the success of each stage. \par
\begin{itemize}
\item Similar to the other SCMMs, indicators should be used with this model\par
\end{itemize}
\item However important to note that the IDC-SCMM is not operationalized and does not define what areas of the world it applies to. Rather it has been operationalized by other parties, like Urban Tide \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite UrbanTide} , who adapted and operationalized the model for Scottish cities. It was operationalized by combining the IDC-SCMM with the indicators for British Standards Institution PAS181 (2014) \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite UrbanTide}. \par
\item It enables Scottish cities to evaluate their SC development process by using a Self-Assessment Tool to determine their “Smart City Readiness” (the quality of their SC development processes)\par
\item Shows that although more global than other models it must be adapted to a country and operationalized before it can be applied anywhere
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\item The IDC-SCMM is only indirectly hollitistic. It is concerned with governance of the city and its SC development processes (government’s management through the use of ICT in the city) and not the city’s US itself \colorbox{Yellow}{CITE FIRMINYA Torrinha}.\par
\item Represents the another type of holistic SCMM, where model assesses the maturity of the processes that develop SC not the city itself. \par
\item Another example of such SCMMs is given in CITE LEE AMSTERDAM\par
\item This thesis refers to such SCMMs as Development Process type models\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\item Holistic SCMM types:\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Urban Smartness Maturity Model:\par
\item Development Process Maturity Model:\par
\end{itemize}
\item This difference in type of holistic SCMM can be identified in MM research as \colorbox{Yellow}{CITE Wendler} found many MMs focussing on city governance and \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Popellbug} found that MMs in the domain of business process management can be divided similarly.\par
\item There are other SCMMs that focus on a single or a few aspects of the SC concept, but not the overall city or its development. For example \colorbox{Yellow}{CITE Frost} details a maturity model to assess intelligent transportation in SCs.
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\section{Comparison of Smart City Maturity Models} \label{CompSCMMs}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\subsection{Design Principles of Smart City Maturity Models} \label{DPsofSCMM}
\subsection{The Comparison Results} \label{compRes}
\begin{itemize}
\item The symbol X is used in the tables below to display when a SCMM abides by the DP of the column
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 4 starts here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{p{0.73in}p{0.33in}p{0.3in}p{0.32in}p{0.32in}p{0.31in}p{0.32in}p{0.3in}p{0.31in}p{0.29in}p{0.3in}}
\hline
%row no:1
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\multirow{1}{*}{\begin{tabular}{p{0.73in}}\end{tabular}}} &
\multicolumn{6}{|p{\dimexpr1.9in+10\tabcolsep\relax}}{\textbf{1.1}} &
\multicolumn{3}{|p{\dimexpr0.9in+4\tabcolsep\relax}}{\textbf{1.2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\textbf{1.3}} \
\hhline{-~~~~~~~~~~}
%row no:2
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\multirow{1}{*}{\begin{tabular}{p{0.73in}}\end{tabular}}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.33in}}{\textbf{1}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\textbf{3}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\textbf{4}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\textbf{5}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\textbf{6}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\textbf{1}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{3}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\textbf{1}} \
\hhline{~----------}
%row no:3
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\textbf{Br-SCMM}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.33in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}$\ast$ } &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} \
\hhline{~~~~~~~~~~~}
%row no:4
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\textbf{SO-SCMM}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.33in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{} \
\hhline{~~~~~~~~~~~}
%row no:5
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\textbf{GSCM}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.33in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} \
\hhline{~~~~~~~~~~~}
%row no:6
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\textbf{IDC-SCMM}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.33in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.32in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{} \
\hhline{~~~~~~~~~~~}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 4 ends here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
$\ast$ {\fontsize{10pt}{12.0pt}\selectfont \textcolor[HTML]{3C4043}{Torrinha concludes that this SCMM has defined maturity levels, but this is not true (just have 0-5 generic levels)}\par}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
Descriptive and Prescriptive MM DPs (modified from \colorbox{Yellow}{Torrinha})\par
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 5 starts here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{p{0.73in}p{0.29in}p{0.29in}p{0.29in}p{0.29in}p{0.29in}p{0.31in}p{0.3in}p{0.3in}p{0.29in}p{0.29in}p{0.29in}}
\hline
%row no:1
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\multirow{1}{*}{\begin{tabular}{p{0.73in}}\end{tabular}}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{2.1}} &
\multicolumn{4}{|p{\dimexpr1.16in+6\tabcolsep\relax}}{\textbf{2.2}} &
\multicolumn{2}{|p{\dimexpr0.61in+2\tabcolsep\relax}}{\textbf{3.1}} &
\multicolumn{4}{|p{\dimexpr1.17in+6\tabcolsep\relax}|}{\textbf{3.2}} \
\hhline{-~~~~~~~~~~~}
%row no:2
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\multirow{1}{*}{\begin{tabular}{p{0.73in}}\end{tabular}}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{1}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{1}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{3}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{4}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\textbf{1}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\textbf{1}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{3}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\textbf{4}} \
\hhline{~-----------}
%row no:3
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\textbf{Br-SCMM}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}$\ast$ } &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} \
\hhline{~~~~~~~~~~~~}
%row no:4
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\textbf{SO-SCMM}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} \
\hhline{~~~~~~~~~~~~}
%row no:5
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}\textbf{GSCM}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{\cellcolor[HTML]{D9D9D9}} \
\hhline{~~~~~~~~~~~~}
%row no:6
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.73in}}{\textbf{IDC-SCMM}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.31in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.3in}}{X} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} &
\multicolumn{1}{|p{0.29in}}{} \
\hhline{~~~~~~~~~~~~}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Table No: 5 ends here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{itemize}
\item $\ast$ In\colorbox{Yellow}{ CITE Afonso} how the maturity of the 10 domains are assessed is only vaguely described. How the cities’ maturity are rated is only explained by the measuring of basic and secondary indicators\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Thus this report disagrees with \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Torrinha} on this point.\par
\end{itemize}
\item Since this research only has access to the brief description of the GSCM \colorbox{Yellow}{CITE Firminyah GSCM}, the MM DPs it contains cannot be accessed completely.
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\subsection{The Comparison Findings} \label{compFind}
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\begin{itemize}
\item The analysis of the comparison of the identified holistic SCMMs is discussed here.\par
\item In general comparison highlighted use of SCMM’s indicates and details the aspects that can be improved to increase the city’s US\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Only SCMM whose purpose of use was comparative, Br-SCMM, highlighted the weakest aspects of the US of Brazilian cities in general, Technology (with basic indicator of computers in homes) and Safety (with basic indicator homicides per thousand).\par
\item The Br-SCMM can be used by cities when determining SC initiatives to implement as the smart projects that best impact those two aspects and indicators. Cite Afonso\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\begin{itemize}
\item All the SCMMs in the comparison were either staged or continuous fixed-level models. Implying that focus area model may not be appropriate for SCMMs.
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\item Two main similarities can be seen:\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Lack of transparency\par
\begin{itemize}
\item \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Hamman}\par
\end{itemize}
\item None fulfill the the basic DP 1.2.3 and descriptive DP 2.2.3\par
\item Implies the overall development of SCMMs is lacking\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Both concerned with the lack of details in SCMMs that well crafted MMs provide\par
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\item Three main differences:\par
\begin{itemize}
\item All SCMMs use different SC constructs\par
\begin{itemize}
\item No holistic standardized set of constructs for the SC constructs\par
\item Confirms background knowledge from this report\par
\end{itemize}
\item As can be seen in Table \colorbox{Yellow}{$ \ldots $ }, only one SCMM follows DPs for prescriptive purpose of use, the IDC-SCMM.\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Is additionally only SCMM not operationalized which means it cannot be used for its stated descriptive purpose of use \par
\item Other SCMMs focus on following descriptive DPs and thus can \colorbox{Yellow}{Cite Torrinha}\par
\item Also other type of holistic SCMM, it is a Development Processes MM. Other SCMMs like it
\end{itemize}
\item Different application areas\par
\begin{itemize}
\item Only assess US on a national basis\par
\item IDC may be international and prominent\par
\begin{itemize}
\item But is not operationalized\par
\item And biased towards digital technology management
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}\par
\vspace{\baselineskip}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
